Missing authentication and clear‑text transmission of data from the heat pumps to the control server, combined with the absence of input validation on aggregated data, can lead to stored XSS that enables theft of cookies from the pump’s web control interface. Older Orca heat pump devices communicating with the Orca server over an
unencrypted and unauthenticated HTTP connection on a non-secure port specifically enable an
attacker to impersonate a legitimate device and inject malicious
payloads. This enables the insertion of harmful code directly
into the Orca user portal, potentially compromising user accounts,
exposing sensitive information, and allowing further unauthorized
actions within the portal.