In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

gpio: pca953x: fix pca953x_irq_bus_sync_unlock race

Ensure that `i2c_lock' is held when setting interrupt latch and mask in
pca953x_irq_bus_sync_unlock() in order to avoid races.

The other (non-probe) call site pca953x_gpio_set_multiple() ensures the
lock is held before calling pca953x_write_regs().

The problem occurred when a request raced against irq_bus_sync_unlock()
approximately once per thousand reboots on an i.MX8MP based system.

* Normal case

0-0022: write register AI|3a {03,02,00,00,01} Input latch P0
0-0022: write register AI|49 {fc,fd,ff,ff,fe} Interrupt mask P0
0-0022: write register AI|08 {ff,00,00,00,00} Output P3
0-0022: write register AI|12 {fc,00,00,00,00} Config P3

* Race case

0-0022: write register AI|08 {ff,00,00,00,00} Output P3
0-0022: write register AI|08 {03,02,00,00,01} *** Wrong register ***
0-0022: write register AI|12 {fc,00,00,00,00} Config P3
0-0022: write register AI|49 {fc,fd,ff,ff,fe} Interrupt mask P0